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Clinical Guidelines Resources

Clear, evidence-based recommendations to help EMS providers deliver safe, effective care for patients with opioid use disorder—from withdrawal management to follow-up planning.

Clinical Guidelines

  • Clinical Opioid Withdrawal Scale (COWS) Guide

    Clinical Opioid Withdrawal Scale (COWS) Guide

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    A practical tool for assessing opioid withdrawal symptoms using the COWS scoring system, with guidance on scoring, interpretation, and clinical judgment—ideal for EMS and ED providers initiating buprenorphine. Includes […]

  • Buprenorphine Medication Guide

    Buprenorphine Medication Guide

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  • MN Bridge EMS Field Initiation Protocol

    MN Bridge EMS Field Initiation Protocol

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    Protocol for paramedics working in a 911 or community paramedic response team to initiate buprenorphine in the field for patients experiencing acute opioid withdrawal, either due to cessation of […]

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